Sensor network design based on system-wide reliability criteria. Part I: Objectives

Reliability based criteria are quite popular for optimal sensor network design. We present a modified definition of system reliability for sensor network design for two applications: reliable estimation of variables in a steady state linear flow process, and reliable fault detection and diagnosis for any process. Unlike the weakest-link based definition of system reliability in the literature, the proposed definition considers the entire system and is consistent with the reliability concept used in classical reliability literature. For each application, dual approaches for defining system reliability are proposed, and their analogy with the reliability problem in the classical reliability literature is established. Using examples and stochastic simulations, the advantage of using the proposed system reliability in contrast to the existing definition is illustrated. Part II of this series of articles presents methods for efficient generation of the system reliability function and its use in optimization-based approaches for designing optimal sensor networks.     

Fault handling in large water networks with online dictionary learning

Fault detection and isolation in water distribution networks is an active topic due to the nonlinearities of flow propagation and recent increases in data availability due to sensor deployment. Here, we propose an efficient two-step data driven alternative: first, we perform sensor placement taking the network topology into account; second, we use incoming sensor data to build a network model through online dictionary learning. Online learning is fast and allows tackling large networks as it processes small batches of signals at a time. This brings the benefit of continuous integration of new data into the existing network model, either in the beginning for training or in production when new data samples are gathered. The proposed algorithms show good performance in our simulations on both small and large-scale networks.     

非相变固体蓄热材料的蓄放热特性

搭建了低谷电蓄能蒸汽发生换热测试系统，采用数据记录仪、Hot Disk热常数分析仪等仪器检测了刚玉球等非相变固体蓄热材料的热物性。通过实验与模拟相结合的方式，研究了粉煤灰、氧化镁、刚玉砂、刚玉球等材料的蓄放热特性。分析了蓄热材料种类和粒径大小对蓄放热特性的影响，得到了不同材料的蓄热密度和综合换热系数等关键参数。结合FLUENT非稳态模拟方法，模拟了蓄热体在不同材料粒径下的蓄热和放热温度场变化规律。结果表明：刚玉球能够提供充足连续的热量，可以作为一种性能良好的蓄热材料进行应用；随着刚玉砂粒径的增大，其蓄热密度和综合换热系数会增大，有效放热时间也会延长。     

Component spectroscopic properties of light-harvesting complexes with DFT calculations

Photosynthesis is a fundamental process in biosciences and biotechnology that influences profoundly the research in other disciplines. In this paper, we focus on the characterization of fundamental components, present in pigment-protein complexes, in terms of their spectroscopic properties such as infrared spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance, as well as nuclear quadrupole resonance, which are of critical importance for many applications. Such components include chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls. Based on the density functional theory method, we calculate the main spectroscopic characteristics of these components for the Fenna-Matthews-Olson light-harvesting complex, analyze them and compare them with available experimental results. Future outlook is discussed in the context of current and potential applications of the presented results.     

瓦斯抽采集成旁通阀二位放水器研制

针对井下瓦斯抽采中原放水器配气阀安装不规范、双截止阀使用繁琐、工人劳动强度大等现状,研制了具有集成调控装置的放水器,能够实现一个阀门控制所有气路和水路,自主放水和负压排水,从源头上杜绝了瓦斯喷孔和水流溢出等情况,大大降低了职工的劳动强度,实现了井下抽采系统安全可靠运行。     

可持续煤矿矿井水处理与资源化技术综述

煤矿开采过程中会产生大量的废弃矿井水,不仅造成水资源的大量浪费,而且还威胁着矿区生态环境。本文综述了我国常见矿井水的常规处理方法,以及将矿井水视为水资源的可持续矿井水水处理与资源化技术,首次提出以“时间维度和空间维度”对矿井水进行全时空处理,并着重阐述了矿井水分级处理、分质利用技术,反渗透浓水处理与资源化技术,煤泥处理与资源化技术,以及重金属回收与利用技术等,对煤矿区矿井水处理与资源化利用具有指导意义。     

预旋对迷宫密封动静特性影响研究

建立迷宫密封实验装置与数值分析模型,研究进口预旋对密封系统静力与动力稳定性的影响,并以密封腔为单元对密封段转子受力进行分解,分析各密封腔在不同预旋情况下切向气流力变化影响。研究表明:各密封腔压力高点沿泄漏方向发生偏移是引起各密封腔切向气流力幅值及方向变化的原因;进口预旋可导致原压力高点发生偏移,其偏移方向与进口预旋方向一致,且越靠近进口偏移量越大;首个密封腔与其余腔室压力高点位置存在差异,导致其切向气流力随进口预旋比的变化趋势与其他密封腔相反;转子涡动将引起切向气流力整体偏移,但不改变进口预旋对各密封腔切向气流力作用效果;对于具有较多齿数的迷宫密封,正预旋将降低系统稳定性,而对于具有较少齿数的迷宫密封,正预旋有可能增加系统稳定性。     

船用柴油机共轨系统高压油管压力波动优化改进研究

针对某型船用高速柴油机高压共轨燃油系统轨-器连接高压油管压力波动大的现象，利用AMESim液力仿真平台搭建共轨系统模型，开展压力波动峰值影响因素研究。在此基础上提出降低压力波动峰值的结构改进方案，并对优化方案进行试验验证。结果表明:在共轨管出口设置阻尼孔并优化油管内径,可有效降低轨-器油管压力波动峰值。     

复杂型急倾斜煤层的开采技术探析

中国煤炭资源多处于中厚煤层中,伴随煤炭资源的不断开采,矿井深度日渐增加,煤层的开采环境也日渐复杂,其中复杂型急倾斜煤层对开采技术和开采施工工艺水平的要求较为突出。课题基于中国复杂型急倾斜煤层开发工艺的现状,深入分析了现有工艺在实际开采过程中存在的不足,提出了伪倾斜斜坡短臂采煤法,旨在为中国复杂型急倾斜煤层开采工艺的研究提供借鉴。